This example refers to the second paragraph under the Climate section of the entry. Example: (Smith, 2012, Climate section, para. Enter the section heading name, followed by the word "section" and then the number of the paragraph within that section. Encyclopedia entries often have section headings. If the entry has section headings, you can use those. This example refers to the third paragraph in the entry. Here are some options if you have no page numbers and you are quoting directly:Ĭount the paragraphs, and use that number where you'd normally put the page number. Page numbers may not be available for an online dictionary or encyclopedia entry. When in doubt, provide a retrieval date to help the reader in case the entry you use is updated between the time you read it and the time your reader looks at it. A statement of the retrieval date should be provided for any web pages that are dynamic and not archived. If the encyclopedia or dictionary provides stable archived versions, link to the latest one without "retrieved from" no statement of the retrieval date is necessary in this case. If you accessed the encyclopedia or dictionary through a website, provide the URL. You do not need to put a period after a DOI number. If a DOI is provided for an encyclopedia or dictionary, include it after the name of the encyclopedia or dictionary of the entry and edition beginning with "https:" Some electronic content is assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). If the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher element.
Include the publisher name for an encyclopedia or dictionary where clearly identified, just as with a book or ebook. Publication Information for Online Encyclopedias and Dictonaries If an encyclopedia or dictionary entry does not indicate a specific author or co-authors, begin the citation with a group author such as Merriam-Webster or American Psychological Association, followed by the year of publication in round brackets.Ĭapitalize the first letter of the first word of the title of the entry and the title of the encyclopedia or dictionary.Ĭapitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people. Rockville, MD: US Pharmacopeial Convention. USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.ĭorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.Ī Dictionary of Physics. Edited by Tony Atkins and Marcel Escudier. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.Ī Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Ī Dictionary of Chemistry. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.Ī Dictionary of Biology. 3.3:Ĭlapham, Christopher, and James Nicholson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. The University of Chicago Spanish–English Dictionary. Edited by Beatriz Galimberti Jarman and Roy Russell. Edited by Marcus Wheeler, Boris Unbegaun, Paul Falla, and Della Thompson.
Edited by Werner Scholze-Stubenrecht, J. B. Oxford German Dictionary: German–English, English–German. Oxford Arabic Dictionary: Arabic–English, English–Arabic. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym International Corp., 2015. Minjung’s Essence English–Korean Dictionary. Larousse Unabridged French Dictionary: French–English, English–French. Kenkyūsha’s New Japanese–English Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2003.Ĭassell’s Italian Dictionary. 3.2:ĪBC Chinese–English Comprehensive Dictionary. Continually updated, as Merriam-Webster Unabridged, at. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Roget’s 21st Century Thesaurus in Dictionary Form. Edited by Angus Stevenson and Christine A. See Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.